|
〔(ヘブライ語:אברהם בר חייא הנשיא) ''Abraham son of () Hiyya "the Prince"''. Also Abraham ben Chija, "''Abraham ben Hiyya alBargeloni''"(The Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1, Page 322), "''Abraham ben Chiya albargeloni Ha'Nasi''" (''Hegion Ha'Nefesh'' by Abraham ben Chiya Ha'Nsi in, Printed in Leipzig, 1860, Page 40), "''Rabeinu Avraham Bar Chiya HaNasi''" (Sefer Yisodei HaTevuna uMigdal HaEmunah, by ''Rabeinu Avraham Bar Chiya HaNasi''), ''"R' Avraham ben Chiya Hanasi mi'Barcelona"'' (Hamaayan / The Torah Spring, Edited by Shlomo Katz, Volume XII, Number 18, 16 Adar 5758, March 14, 1998, Page 4), ''Avraham ben Chiya Hanasi medinat Bartselona'', ''Abraham ben Chiva'' (Judaism and its history: in two parts By Abraham Geiger and Charles Newburgh, Page 172), ''Abraham Ben Chaja'' (Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Wissenschaften und der Künste, Part 1, Vol. 1, p. 157; Illustr. Lexikon der Astronomie, by Adolph Drechsler, Verlag J.J. Weber, Leipzig 1881, p. 5; Poggendorff’s Handwörterbuch, Volume I, A-L, 1863 Leipzig), ''Abraham ben Chaja ben Rabbi Chiya'', or ''Chaja'' or ''Haija'' (The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge--, Volume 1, part 1, by Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge , Page 139), ''Rabbi Abrahamo Hispano filio Rabbi Haijae'' (Kepler and Hebrew astronomical tables, Journal for the History of Astronomy (ISSN 0021-8286), Vol. 32, Part 2, No. 107, p. 130 - 136 (2001), by B. R. Goldstein)〕 (1070 Barcelona,〔 ((PDF version ))〕 Catalonia – 1136〔 or 1145〔Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume 1, By André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Michael Lapidge, Page 8〕 Narbonne, France) was a Jewish mathematician, astronomer and philosopher, also known as Savasorda (from the Arabic صاحب الشرطة ''Ṣāḥib al-Shurṭa'' "Chief of the Police") or Abraham Judaeus. He was born in Barcelona and scholars suspect he travelled to Narbonne where he is thought to have died. Abraham bar Ḥiyya's most influential work is his ''Ḥibbūr ha-meshīḥah we-ha-tishboret'' ("Treatise on Measurement and Calculation"), a Hebrew treatise on Islamic algebra and practical geometry. It was translated in 1145 into Latin by Plato of Tivoli as ''Liber Embadorum'' (the same year Robert of Chester translated al-Khwārizmī's ''Algebra''.) It contains the first complete solution of the quadratic equation ''x''2 - ''ax'' + ''b'' = 0 known in Europe and influenced the work of Leonardo Fibonacci. Bar Ḥiyya wrote several more works on mathematics, astronomy and Jewish philosophy. == Biography == Abraham bar Hiyya, great-grandson of Hezekiah Gaon is remembered in the world of mathematics for his role in the dissemination of the quadratic equation. Bar Hiyya wrote several scientific works in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, land surveying and calendar calculations. Abraham ben Chiya Albargeloni (b. 1065, d. 1136), also occupied a high position under another Mahometan prince al-Hud. He was a sort of minister of police (Zachib al-Shorta, hence ''Savasorda'' which literally means something like 'chief of police' but probably indicates a position of a courtier), and bore the title of prince. Savasorda is a Latinized degeneration of the Arabic title 〔La obra Sefer Hesbon mahlekot ha-kokabim de Abraham bar Hiyya ha-Bargeloni, by Jose M. Millas Vallicrosa, Barcelona, 1959, pp. 13-14〕 and scholars assume that ''Bar Hiyya'' would have obtained this title in the court of Banu Hud of Saragossa-Lerida; there is even a record of a Jewish Savasorda there in the beginning of the 12th century. Zachib al-Shorta, meaning " Chief of the Police" is a large landed proprietor was then named, "Governor" or " Nasi" as he was called in Hebrew. By his name Savasorda he is known through the works of the Middle Ages.〔Judaism and its history, by Abraham Geiger, Page 290〕 He was held in high consideration by the ruler he served on account of his astronomical knowledge, and had disputes with learned priests, to whom he demonstrated the accuracy of the Jewish calendar. He also praised the parasitic science of astrology, and drew a horoscope of favourable and unfavourable days. Abraham Albargeloni reckoned that the Messiah would appear in the year after the Creation 5118 (1358 CE).〔History of the Jews: from the earliest times to the present day. BY Prof Heinrich Graetz, 1892, Page 320.〕 Benjamin of Tudela, in the 1160s, starting his famous journey to the East, traveled first from Tudela, which is to the northeast of Soria (his birthplace), along the river Ebro to Saragossa and then further to Tortosa on the coast of the Mediterranean, before turning northwards along the coast, through Tarragona to Barcelona and Provence. He says of Barcelona: " Where there is a holy congregation, including sages, wise and illustrious men, such as R. Sheshet, R. Shealtiel, R. Solomon and R. Abraham, son of Chisdai".〔The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, by Marcus Nathan Adler, New York, 1907, Page 2〕 According to Adolph Drechsler, he was a pupil of Rabbi Moshe haDarshan and teacher of Abraham Ibn Ezra. Abraham bar Hiyya is said to have been a great astronomer and wrote some works on Astronomy and Geography. One tells about the form of the earth, the elements and the structure of the spheres (Manuscripts may be in the Vatican, in Vienna and Paris); this work was printed in Basel by Oswald Schreckenfuchs, including a Latin translation.〔Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Wissenschaften und der Künste, Part 1, Vol. 1, p. 157〕〔Illustr. Lexikon der Astronomie, by Adolph Drechsler, Verlag J.J. Weber, Leipzig 1881, p. 5〕〔Poggendorff’s Handwörterbuch, Volume I, A-L, 1863 Leipzig〕 Other works included papers on astrology, trigonometry and music. He also wrote two religious works in the field of Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: ''Hegyon ha-Nefesh'' ("Contemplation of () Soul") on repentance and ''Megillat ha-Megalleh'' on the redemption of the Jewish people. Even these religious works contain scientific and philosophical speculation. His ''Megillat ha-Megalleh'' ("Scroll of the Revealer") was also astrological in nature. It claimed to forecast the messianic future 〔The Messiah idea in Jewish historyBy Julius Hillel Greenstone, Page 134〕 Bar Hiyya wrote all his works in Hebrew, not in Judaeo-Arabic of the earlier Jewish scientific literature, which made him a pioneer in the use of the Hebrew language for scientific purposes. He also cooperated with Plato of Tivoli in the translation of scientific works from Arabic into Latin, particularly the translation of Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos in 1138 at Barcelona.〔Haskins, Charles Homer. (1967) Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., p. 11. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abraham bar Hiyya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|